Abstract Objective: This research sought to understand how social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic impacted physical activity levels and mental well-being. Methods: The study included 511 people from 19 Uruguayan states who participated in the study, 69.1% of whom were female and aged between 18 and 24 (43.4%). Participants answered an online questionnaire containing questions about fatigue, PA level before and after the pandemic onset, Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale, time spent in front of screens and number of people they kept in touch with. The information was kept anonymous and confidential, with no questions that could identify the participants. The survey was conducted during the period of social distancing, remaining available for one month and 12 days. Results: The results showed an increase in physical inactivity and a negative impact on the mental well-being of those who became inactive during the distancing period. Conclusion: In sum, distancing measures caused harm to the physical and mental health of the population, requiring the implementation of measures to encourage PA practice so that people can re-equip and enhance their integral health care.

Resumo Objetivo: A pesquisa buscou compreender como o distanciamento social durante a pandemia COVID-19 impactou os níveis de atividade física e o bem-estar mental. Método: Participaram do estudo 511 pessoas dos 19 estados uruguaios, sendo 69,1% do sexo feminino e com faixa etária entre 18 e 24 anos (43,4%). Os participantes responderam questionário online, contendo questões sobre fadiga, nível de AF antes e após o início da pandemia, escala de Bem-estar Mental Warwick-Edimburgo, tempo que passa em frente as telas e número de pessoas que mantém contato. As informações foram mantidas anônimas e em sigilo, não constando perguntas que pudessem identificar os participantes. Resultados: A aplicação da pesquisa foi durante o período de distanciamento social, permanecendo disponível por um mês e 12 dias. Os resultados mostraram aumento da inatividade física e impacto negativo no bem-estar mental daqueles que se tornaram inativos durante o distanciamento. Conclusão: Em suma, as medidas de distanciamento apresentam prejuízos a saúde física e mental da população, sendo necessária a implementação de medidas de incentivo a prática de AF para que as pessoas possam retomar e aprimorar seus cuidados integrais com a saúde.

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare lung function between adolescents with and without substance use disorder (SUD). Methods: This was an observational, cross-sectional exploratory study. The sample consisted of 16 adolescents with SUD and 24 age-matched healthy controls. The adolescents in the clinical group were recruited from a psychiatric inpatient unit for detoxification and rehabilitation; their primary diagnosis was SUD related to marijuana, cocaine, or polysubstance use. Questionnaires and pulmonary function tests were applied for clinical evaluation. Results: We found that FVC, FEV1, and their percentages of the predicted values were significantly lower in the adolescents with SUD than in those without. Those differences remained significant after adjustment for BMI and the effects of high levels of physical activity. The largest effect size (Cohen’s d = 1.82) was found for FVC as a percentage of the predicted value (FVC%), which was, on average, 17.95% lower in the SUD group. In addition, the years of regular use of smoked substances (tobacco, marijuana, and crack cocaine) correlated negatively with the FVC%. Conclusions: This exploratory study is innovative in that it demonstrates the early consequences of smoked substance use for the lung health of adolescents with SUD.

RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar a função pulmonar de adolescentes com e sem transtornos relacionados ao uso de substâncias (TUS). Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo exploratório transversal observacional. A amostra foi composta por 16 adolescentes com TUS e 24 controles saudáveis emparelhados pela idade. Os adolescentes do grupo clínico foram recrutados em uma unidade de internação psiquiátrica para desintoxicação e reabilitação; seu diagnóstico primário era o de TUS (maconha, cocaína ou polissubstâncias). Foram aplicados questionários e testes de função pulmonar para a avaliação clínica. Resultados: A CVF, o VEF1 e seus valores em porcentagem do previsto foram significativamente mais baixos nos adolescentes com TUS do que naqueles sem TUS. Essas diferenças permaneceram significativas após os ajustes para levar em conta o IMC e os efeitos de altos níveis de atividade física. O maior tamanho de efeito (d de Cohen = 1,82) foi o observado em relação à CVF em porcentagem do previsto (CVF%), que foi, em média, 17,95% menor no grupo TUS. Além disso, os anos de uso regular de substâncias fumadas (tabaco, maconha e crack) correlacionaram-se negativamente com a CVF%. Conclusões: Este estudo exploratório é inovador na medida em que demonstra as consequências precoces do uso de substâncias fumadas para a saúde pulmonar de adolescentes com TUS.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate sleep characteristics of parents and their children during the COVID-19 pandemic and predictors for sleep disturbances. Methods: Cross-sectional web-based study using an online survey made available for dyads of parents and their children during the 7th week of quarantine in southern Brazil. Parents' and adolescents’ sleep were characterized using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. For children aged 0-3 years parents completed the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire, for those aged 4-12 years the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children. Parents also informed, subjectively, their perception about sleep habits during social distancing. Multiple regression was run to predict sleep disturbances in adults using independent variables: sex, income, education, children age, and children with sleep disturbances. Results: Data from 577 dyads showed sleep alterations in 69,8% of adults, in 58,6% of children aged 0-3 years, 33,9% in the 4-12 years range (with a predominance of disorders of initiating or maintaining sleep), and 56,6% in adolescents. Sex (female) and children with sleep disturbances were significant predictors of a sleep problem in parents (p < 0.005). Subjective perception revealed complaints related to emotional concerns such as anxiety and fear in adults and due to alterations in routine in children and adolescents. Conclusion: The present study’s data showed an increased rate of sleep problems among families during quarantine both measured by validated instruments and also based on personal perception.

Introdução: A recorrência da exposição ao abuso sexual na infância (ASI) parece ser maior entre vítimas de abuso sexual. Nesse sentido, experiências relacionadas à violência sexual podem perpetuar-se dentro do próprio contexto familiar por diversas maneiras. Aqui, investigamos a associação entre ser exposto a ASI e ter um filho vítima de abuso sexual.Método: Usamos uma amostra com 123 mães, que foram divididas em 2 grupos: um composto por 41 mães de filhos abusados sexualmente e outro composto por 82 mães de filhos não abusados. O histórico da exposição à ASI foi avaliado por meio do Childhood Trauma Questionnaire - Short Form (CTQ) e usamos um modelo de regressão logística para estimar os valores preditivos em relação a ter ou não um filho exposto a violência sexual.Resultados:Mães de crianças vítimas de abuso sexual obtiveram maiores escores no CTQ, especialmente na subescala de abuso sexual (SA). Segundo nosso modelo de regressão logística, escores maiores no CTQ foram capazes de predizer significativamente a categoria de ser ou não mãe de uma criança vítima de violência sexual em nossa amostra (Wald = 7,074; p = 0,008; Exp(B) = 1,681). O número de anos de escolaridade reduziu a chance de ter um filho vítima de violência sexual (Wald = 18,994; p = 0,001; Exp(B) = 0,497).Conclusão: Nossos achados ressaltam a importância de um possível efeito intergeracional do abuso sexual. Intervenções familiares e preventivas contra maus-tratos na infância deveriam levar em consideração essa problemática.

Introduction: Recurrent exposure to childhood sexual abuse (CSA) seems to be higher among victims of sexual abuse. In this sense, experiences related to sexual violence can perpetuate within the family context itself in various ways. Here, we investigate the association between being exposed to CSA and having a child victim of sexual abuse.Method: We used a sample with 123 mothers, who were divided into 2 groups: one consisting of 41 mothers of sexually abused children and another consisting of 82 mothers of non-sexually abused children. History of exposure to CSA was evaluated by means of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire - Short Form (CTQ) and we used a logistic regression model to estimate the prediction values regarding having or not a child exposed to sexual violence.Results: Mothers of sexually abused children had significantly higher scores on CTQ, especially on the sexual abuse subscale (SA). According to our logistic regression model, higher scores on the CTQ significantly predicted the status of being a mother of children exposed to sexual violence in our sample (Wald = 7.074; p = 0.008; Exp(B) = 1.681). Years of formal education reduced the likelihood of having a child victim of sexual violence (Wald = 18.994; p = 0.001; Exp(B) = 0.497).Conclusion: Our findings highlight the importance of a possible intergenerational effect of sexual abuse. Family intervention and prevention against childhood maltreatment should take this issue in account.

Objective: To translate and adapt to Brazilian Portuguese the Revised Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET), in both paper-and-pencil and computerized versions. The RMET is a well-accepted instrument for assessment of Theory of Mind (ToM), an important component of social cognition. Methods: Following a guideline for translation of material for clinical populations, this study had three main phases: 1) formal translation and semantic adaptation to Brazilian Portuguese; 2) an acceptability trial with health professionals as judges evaluating picture-word matching; and 3) a trial using the paper-and-pencil and computerized versions (experiments built in E-Prime 2.0.10 software) with healthy participants to test whether the instrument has similar outputs to those expected in versions in other languages. Results: RMET was adequately adapted to Brazilian Portuguese. This version showed acceptability and outputs similar to versions of the instrument in other languages, including the original one. We kept the same number of images as the original English version. Conclusions: Considering the scarcity of cognitive assessment instruments adequately adapted to Portuguese and the importance of social cognition in many psychiatric disorders, this work adds an important resource to Brazilian research and is administrable in both paper-and-pencil and computerized versions.